Tzolkese language
Tzolkese | |
ጨቅረ᎐ጥዞልካ᎐ብኸ᎙ (Wax̌ra'tzolkŭ'bǩah) | |
Native to: | Tzolkun |
Native speakers: | ~6,120,000 |
Language family: | Neiran[1] |
Early forms: | Old Neiran
|
Major dialects: | Upper, Lower, Umlokovi, Nikiǰavi, Ilukiad Island |
Writing System | |
Writing system(s): | Tzolkese abugida |
Period: | ~1500 - present |
Sister system(s): | Wunal abugida |
Read: | Right-to-left (vertical), Left-to-right (horizontal) |
Official Status | |
Official language in: | Tzolkun |
Minority language in: | Omlyiud Jaaqate |
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Tzolkese (ጨቅረ᎐ጥዞልካ᎐ብኸ᎙, Wax̌ra'tzolkŭ'bǩah) is a language spoken by Tzolk people of Neira, and is the official language of the nation of Tzolkun
Grammar[edit | edit source]
Main article: Tzolkese grammar
Like other Neiran languages, Tzolkese is characterised by a detailed system of agglutination for nouns and verbs combined with a system of inflection for articles and pronouns to achieve prepositional, numerical and even limited descriptive functions.
Several different and unique elements have also developed through centuries of separation from southern and central Neiran languages, specifically the immensely dominate Wunal language, as well as continual influence from the languages of the Yumeran people of Northern Urcinne. Tzolkese's word order has become distinctly different from the other Neiran languages, employing a semi-fluid analytical arrangement supplemented with a slimmer inventory of noun cases, as well as a grouping together of subjects, objects and verbs and their related morphemes into single words.
Counterposed to Wunal, Tzolkese also frequently drops needless elements throughout all its expressions, with a wide degree of morphemes, such as articles, conjunctions and even some verbs and adverbs being completely omitted when sufficient context is established elsewhere.
Alphabet[edit | edit source]
Tzolkese is written in a modified version of the Wunal abugida. A fair portion of its letters are identical, though the abugida does feature a unique diacritic for the vowel e /ɛ/ (known as the "Tzolkese E anvil", counterposed to the Wunal E diacritic, which appears as a circular "foot" stroke added to the leg of the letter), as well as an additional diacritic for an emphasised mid central vowel ŭ /ə/, which does not appear in Wunal. Several letters are also different from their Wunal counterpart, specifically for consonants not native to Wunal itself.
Atraelish transliterations of the language utilise general Atraelic letters with usage of diacritics for additional sounds, i.e.a caron on the letters š, ǩ, ž, and x̌, and a breve on the letter ŭ.
Key: English letter /IPA symbol/
a /ä/ | e /ɛ/ | i /i/ | u /u/ | o /ɔ/ | ŭ /ə/ | ∅ /ə̆/[2] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b /b/ | በ | ቧ | ቢ | ቡ | ቦ | ባ | ብ |
d /d/ | ደ | ዷ | ዲ | ዱ | ዶ | ዳ | ድ |
f /f/ | ፈ | ፏ | ፊ | ፉ | ፎ | ፋ | ፍ |
g /ɡ/ | ገ | ጓ | ጊ | ጉ | ጎ | ጋ | ግ |
h /ɦ/ | ኀ | ኋ | ኂ | ኁ | ኆ | ኃ | ኅ |
j or y /j/ | የ | ዪ | ዩ | ዮ | ዬ | ያ | ይ |
k /k/ | ከ | ኳ | ኪ | ኩ | ኮ | ካ | ክ |
ǩ /ʡ/ | ኸ | ኟ | ኺ | ኹ | ኾ | ኻ | ኽ |
x̌ /ɣ/ | ቀ | ቋ | ቂ | ቁ | ቆ | ቃ | ቅ |
l /ɾ/ | ለ | ሏ | ሊ | ሉ | ሎ | ላ | ል |
m /m/ | መ | ሟ | ሚ | ሙ | ሞ | ማ | ም |
p /p/ | ጰ | ጷ | ጲ | ጱ | ጶ | ጳ | ጵ |
r /ʁ/ | ረ | ሯ | ሪ | ሩ | ሮ | ራ | ር |
s or c /s/ | ሠ | ሧ | ሢ | ሡ | ሦ | ሣ | ሥ |
š /ʂ/? | ሸ | ሿ | ሺ | ሹ | ሾ | ሻ | ሽ |
t /t/ | ጠ | ጧ | ጢ | ጡ | ጦ | ጣ | ጥ |
v /v/ | ቨ | ቯ | ቪ | ቩ | ቮ | ቫ | ቭ |
w /w/ | ጨ | ጯ | ጪ | ጩ | ጮ | ጫ | ጭ |
z /z/ | ዘ | ዟ | ዚ | ዙ | ዞ | ዛ | ዝ |
ž /ʐ/ | ዠ | ዧ | ዢ | ዡ | ዦ | ዣ | ዥ |
Punctuation[edit | edit source]
- ᎖ medium vowel
- ᎕ long vowel
- ᎙ aspirates previous sound ([◌ʰ])
- ᎘ opening quotation mark
- ᎑ closing quotation mark
- ᎐ agglutinated word joiner
- ፠ section mark
- ፡ word separator
- ። full stop (period)
- ፣ comma
- ፤ semicolon
- ፥ colon
- ፦ preface colon[3]
- ፧ question mark
- ፨ paragraph separator
Notes[edit | edit source]
Languages | |
---|---|
Families | |
Language families | Central Cymluni · Ewigic · Lowcymlu-urcinnan · Neiran · Upcymlu-amleian · Yumeran |
Languages | |
Major languages | Abata · Amulni · Atraelish · Barva · Cesmelan · Etruarac · Flaigalish · Gakknir · Gashaorhieli · Jovaran · Mahleka · Mainathan · Mordrasi · Mukegani · Pelannician · Ruuvatthan · Seonmi · Tzolkese · Umura · Varlish · Virassian · Wunal · Yashurhieli |
Minor languages | Šamolai |
Misc. | |
Grammar | Amulni · Seonmi · Virassian · Wunal |
Word lists | List of Seonmi words and phrases · List of Wunal words and phrases |
- ↑ According to mainstream opinion, the languages of the Neiran continent, whilst related to one-another, demonstrate few supportable links to other human languages. Thus, the languages' mother tongue is regarded as a language isolate, and is simply categorised as part of the "Neiran" language family.
- ↑ Signifies a following subtle mid central vowel (example), however the vowel is quite often entirely omitted, where the letter is then treated as an isolated consonant.
- ↑ Typically used in records of speech - such as interviews - where they follow the speaker's name before their dialogue